One of the largest terrestrial salamander known, reaching a size of 14-35 cm. They are stocky with relatively short broad snouts and short stubby legs. They are usually dark (grey, brown, back, or olive) with yellow or white spots, stripes, or bars; sometimes they are found to have no markings at all. They have the widest distribution of any North American Salamander. In Washington State are found east of the Cascade Mountains in Eastern Washington and the Columbian basin. They prefer moist habitats, as long as there is a source of freshwater and some sort of the substrate they can burrow in. It can often be difficult to find tiger salamanders despite their abundance, due to the fact, that they spend most of their time buried (up to two feet!) in the ground. Breeding season is late winter and early spring depending upon temperature and elevation. They will not lay eggs in water that contain predatory fish. Eggs are attached to debris in the water or to the substrate at the bottom. The larval stage is about ten weeks. In higher elevations, the larvae may overwinter. Larvae have very large heads and external gills are very long. If terrestrial conditions are stressful (from contamination or if it is too cold) the larvae can mature and reproduce in their larval state, although this significantly lowers their lifespan. This is referred to as neotony. Often times the mature larvae become larger than their terrestrial counterparts. They known to have voracious appetites, eating anything they can get into their mouths-including prey that is the same size as they are. They can live a long time in the wild, up to 10-16 years! Often used as fishing bait and can be introduced into new areas by accident. This can have a significant effect on other species or amphibians in the area because tiger salamanders are carriers of the deadly chytrid fungus that has been a major threat for many frog species.

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